What does adage refer to?

Adage refers to a proverb or wise saying, which is a short, memorable expression that conveys a specific truth or principle based on common sense or experience. These sayings often reflect cultural wisdom accumulated over time, allowing them to resonate with people across different contexts. For example, phrases like "A stitch in time saves nine" or "Actions speak louder than words" serve as concise expressions that encapsulate important life lessons or truths.

The other choices do not align with the definition of an adage. A scientific fact is based on empirical evidence and scientific methodology rather than traditional wisdom. A type of argument involves reasoning and logic in the presentation of a point of view, which is distinct from the nature of adages. A personal opinion is a subjective belief held by an individual, lacking the universal and timeless quality commonly associated with proverbs. Thus, the essence of an adage as a wise saying makes the selected answer accurate.