What does "turmoil" refer to?

The term "turmoil" specifically refers to a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, often characterized by chaos or disorder. It evokes images of a situation where emotions run high and stability is lacking, making "commotion" the most fitting synonym.

The other choices encapsulate qualities that contrast sharply with the essence of turmoil. Peace implies a state of tranquility and absence of conflict; harmony suggests an agreement or pleasing arrangement without discord; and silence indicates a lack of noise or activity. Each of these terms embodies a sense of calm or order, which is fundamentally opposite to what turmoil describes. Therefore, the correct choice accurately captures the disruptive nature of turmoil in a way that the other options do not.