Which engine component is responsible for storing oil for lubrication?

The oil pan serves a crucial function in an engine's lubrication system by acting as a reservoir for engine oil. It is the component where oil collects after it has circulated through the engine, having lubricated various moving parts. This stored oil is then pumped back up through the engine as needed, ensuring that all engine components receive the necessary lubrication to function properly and to minimize wear and tear.

The oil pump, while also essential, is responsible for circulating the oil rather than storing it. The oil filter plays a critical role in cleaning the oil by removing contaminants, but it does not store oil. The camshaft is a timing component that helps open and close engine valves, and it is not involved in the storage or lubrication process. Therefore, the oil pan is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to hold oil for lubrication purposes.