Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

Copper is classified as a non-renewable resource because it is a finite material that exists in the Earth's crust in limited quantities. Once extracted and used, it cannot be replenished on a human timescale. The mining and extraction process can deplete available copper reserves, and despite recycling efforts, the primary source of copper is the Earth’s mineral deposits, which take millions of years to form.

In contrast, wind, solar energy, and timber are considered renewable resources. Wind and solar energy are continually replenished by natural processes, with wind generated by atmospheric conditions and solar energy harnessed from the sun, which is expected to continue for billions of years. Timber, while it can be depleted if not managed sustainably, can be regenerated through proper forest management practices, allowing for continuous growth and harvest.